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The Vickers Type 56 Victoria was a British biplane freighter and troop transport aircraft used by the Royal Air Force, which flew for the first time in 1922 and was selected for production over the Armstrong Whitworth Awana. ==Design and development== The Victoria was a twin-engined biplane transport with a conventional landing gear with a tailskid. The design mated a similar fuselage of the earlier Vernon transport with the wing of the Virginia bomber, which was developed in parallel. It was also powered by two Napier Lion engines. The enclosed cabin had room for 24 troops on collapsible canvas seats arranged along the sides of the fuselage. In April 1921 two prototypes were ordered by the Air Ministry to Specification 5/20.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 151.〕〔Thetford 1957, p. 424.〕 The first prototype, allocated serial number ''J6860'', was built as a Type 56 and designated a Victoria I, the second ''J6861'' was built as a Type 81 Victoria II.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 513.〕 The Type 56 had two 450 hp Napier Lion engines with large frontal radiators and were fitted directly onto the lower mainplanes, the fuel tanks were placed under the inboard section of the bottom mainplane. The prototype ''J6860'' first flew from Brooklands, Surrey on 22 September 1922.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, p. 152.〕 The Type 81 flew in January 1923, and initially differed only in having the fuel tanks under the top mainplane.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, pp. 152–153.〕 It was later modified by replacing the flat sided engine cowling with more streamlined nacelles with the radiators between the undercarriage legs, as fitted in the Virginia II bomber.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, pp. 133, 154.〕 In March 1925, it was decided to place an order for 15 production aircraft. By this time, the Virginia design had evolved to incorporate swept-back wings, and the production Victoria IIIs incorporated this change.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, pp. 154–155.〕 Another improvement first introduced in the Virginia was the introduction of metal structures instead of the all-wooden airframes of the early aircraft, with an order being placed for a prototype Victoria with metal structure (serial number ''J9250'') in September 1927, this being delivered in October 1928. The metal airframe proved much more suitable for the hot and humid areas where the Victoria served, with Victoria IV and Vs with metal structures produced by conversion and new production respectively.〔Andrews 1988, pp. 159–161.〕 The final version was the Mark VI, which substituted modern and more powerful Bristol Pegasus radial engines for the Napier Lions. The Vickers Valentia was a further improved version with a stronger structure capable of operating at higher weights.〔Andrews and Morgan 1988, pp. 164–165.〕 97 Victorias were built, many of which were later converted into Valentias.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vickers Victoria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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